1. To prepare brine, combine first 7 ingredients (apple juice through ginger) in a large non-reactive saucepan. Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until sugar and salt are dissolved. Reduce heat and simmer, uncovered, for 5 minutes.
2. Remove from heat; let cool completely. Combine apple juice mixture and water in a 5-gallon (22.5-L) food-safe non-reactive container, such as an unchipped enamel canner.
3. Remove neck and giblets from turkey cavities and reserve for another use. Wash turkey in cold salted water; pat dry. Submerge turkey in brine. As turkey will float, weigh it down using a plate with a jar of water on it. Keep turkey submerged completely.
4. Cover container and refrigerate for at least 8 hours but no longer than 16 hours. Remove turkey from brine; discard brine.
5. Rinse turkey under cold running water; pat dry. Secure wings with metal skewers and tie legs together using butcher’s twine.
6. Place turkey on a rack in a large roasting pan. Brush with melted butter. Roast at 425ºF (220ºC) for 30 minutes. Reduce temperature to 325ºF (160ºC) and continue roasting, basting occasionally, for 2½ to 3 hours or until a meat thermometer inserted into thickest part of thigh registers 175ºF (80ºC).
7. Transfer turkey to a platter and tent loosely with foil. Let stand for 30 minutes before carving. The internal temperature of turkey will continue to rise several degrees during standing.
8. The final reading should be 180ºF to 185ºF (82ºC to 85ºC) in the thigh and 170ºF to 175ºF (77ºC to 80ºC) in the breast. Cook’s note: It is important to use a thawed or fresh turkey weighing no more than 15 lb (7 kg). Use only kosher salt for the brine in this recipe. Do not substitute table salt, as the brine will be too salty. Gravy made from pan drippings may be salty. Be sure to taste gravy before adding any salt.